The 'Amude Golah (Pillars of Exile) of R. Isaac of Corbeil

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The 'Amude Golah [Pillars of Exile] of R. Isaac of Corbeil was completed circa 1278 just a few years prior to the author's death in the spring of 1280. This accessible halakhic work, written with the intent of reaching a broad reading audience, was extremely popular during the later Middle Ages as the numerous extant manuscripts can attest (close to 200 mss.). With time the work became known as the Sefer Mitsvot Katan [The Short Book of Commandments] or Semak. Shortly following its distribution the author's younger contemporary and even more famous townsman, R. Peretz of Corbeil, appended his scholarly glosses to the Semak. Almost all surviving manuscripts of the work include these learned glosses.

One of the most difficult textual problems that one encounters in studying Isaac of Corbeil's work relates to Peretz's glosses. Copyists of the work from the 13th century onwards had great difficulty in differentiating between Isaac's original work and the later material added by Peretz. This led to situations where Peretz comments were frequently integrated into the body of the work while at times Isaacs' thoughts were relegated to the glosses. The task of reconstructing Isaac's original work became feasible only with the discovery of the version found in British Library Add. 11639 (1056 in Margoliouth Catalogue) known as the Northern French Hebrew Miscellany (reproduced here from the Falter Facsimile Editions).

This late thirteenth-century manuscript was copied by a certain Benjamin the Scribe. The colophon lacks an exact date however Malachi Beit-Arie has argued, based on internal calendar evidence, that the 746 page manuscript was copied during the years 1279 1282. I would add that in his copy of the Semak, Benjamin constantly refers to R. Isaac of Corbeil with the abbreviation "mem reish shin" moreinu shechyemy master may he live [a long life]. This would indicate that at the time that Benjamin transcribed the book, Isaac was still alive. Since Isaac died in the spring of the year 1280 this would further strengthen Beit-Arieh's dating for the copying of the entire manuscript. It is true that not always does the "earliest" surviving manuscript turn out to be significant; however in this case it does. To the best of my knowledge this is the only version of the Semak to reach us that does not include any of Peretz's glosses. It is reasonable to assume that at the time the work was copied Peretz had not yet written his glosses, and definitely had not circulated them. Thus any attempt to reconstruct Isaac of Corbeil's original Semak would have to begin with this unique manuscript.

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The 'Amude Golah

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The 'Amude Golah (Pillars of Exile) of R. Isaac of Corbeil

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