Penn's digital projects

Digital Scriptorium is a growing consortium of American libraries and museums committed to free online access to their collections of pre-modern manuscripts. The current project is the technical rebuilding of the Digital Scriptorium online union catalog and an expansion in the breadth and diversity of participating collections to include pre-modern manuscripts from all cultures.

A team of Penn Libraries staff is analyzing 10,000 periodicals in the collection—journals, magazines, newspapers, academic journals, comic books—to determine which are no longer restricted by copyright and are therefore available for free and unrestricted use.

Shown here, a photo of scientist Cynthia Hall that appeared in Ebony magazine in 1949. It was uploaded to Wikimedia Commons after the Libraries team determined that the issue of Ebony is now in the public domain.

The 8-year project comprised encoding the metadata associated with each image, digitizing each item, and ingesting the entire Kaplan Collection into Colenda, Penn Libraries’ secure image repository. The Kaplans not only donated their collection to the Penn Libraries but also supported all technical processing. The collection and its web presence are more than the sum of its parts. They are the constellation of unlimited potential connections among its thousands of items dating from the time of colonial settlement in the sixteenth century into the era of mass migration at the end of the 19th century.

The project will include digital editions of more than 500 manuscripts and 827 paintings that represent the flourishing intellectual and cultural heritage of Muslim lands from 1000 to 1900, covering mathematics, astrology, history, law, literature, as well as the Qur'an and Hadith.

Recognized as one of the 20th century's greatest musical performers, Marian Anderson (1897-1993), an African American, was born in Philadelphia, where she is revered and memorialized. The Marian Anderson Papers rank among the most important archival collections in the University of Pennsylvania Libraries. In 2017, a CLIR Digitizing Hidden Special Collections and Archives grant made possible the digitization of five series from the collection, including her private sound recordings, audio interviews (and transcripts), recital programs, diaries, and scrapbooks. The project enables researchers to explore the geographical extent of her musical career, study her repertoire, gain a deeper understanding of the blind prejudice she endured, and marvel at her courage, reception, and fame as she emerged, despite her trials, as an artist on the world stage.

A digital tool for navigating Francis Daniel Pastorius’s “Bee-Hive” manuscript, UPenn MS Codex 726. The project currently provides a complete page-by-page representation of the manuscript as well as a partial hyperlinked interface for navigating sections of the manuscript.

The Athenaeum of Philadelphia holds an extensive collection of maps, photographs, and architectural drawings on Philadelphia's history. The Athenaeum's need to update its library management system led to a collaboration with Penn Libraries' catalogers and metadata specialists. 60,000 items held by the Athenaeum are now available through Penn's integrated library system (ILS).

Ed Bacon gave the Fisher Fine Arts Library his collection of research and lecture slides. These slides, now digitized, offer a critical glimpse into Bacon's scholarly pursuits as well as the physical evolution of Philadelphia. Unfortunately, most were not identified or labeled. The Photo Project invites the world to tag the images, upload related images, and offer remarks.

Project to digitize 140,000 pages of early medical education records from seven Philadelphia Libraries organized by PACSCL (Philadelphia Area Consortium of Special Collections Libraries).

VisColl (Collation Visualization) is system for generating visualizations of a physical manuscript’s collation. It consists of a data model for modeling of a manuscript based on quires, leaves in quires, and typology for the leaves (original, missing, added, replaced), software for building models in a tabular format (published online and expressed in a custom XML schema), and software for generating visualizations from that model, via another online form.

Colenda is a system for long-term preservation and access to digital assets stewarded by Penn Libraries. It has been developed using the Samvera software framework. At this time, content accessible to the public in this application is in the public domain and is therefore available for public use, or where indicated, is of undetermined copyright.

A semantic portal for finding and studying pre-modern manuscripts and their movements, based on linked collections of the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies, the Bodleian Libraries, and the Institut de recherche et d'histoire des textes.Select a perspective to search and browse the data.

The presence of Latin and Greek texts as well as Hebrew Bibles in colonial American libraries is well documented. What lacks systematic documentation are other kinds of Oriental, Hebraic and rabbinic texts that shared the shelves with them. This project explores volumes of such texts that crossed the Atlantic during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and were available as in institutional and private libraries.

Penn Libraries has uploaded nearly 50,000 images to ArtStor, where they are available as an open access resource. Notable collections include the Marian Anderson Collection, the Furness Theatrical Image Collections, the Penn Archives, the Lenkin Family [Holy Land] Collection, the Edgar Fahs Smith Chemistry Collection, the Materials Library Collection, the Philadelphia General Hospital School of Nursing Collection, and William Steig's Cartoon Drawings.

The Philadelphia region is home to a large number of libraries with truly outstanding special collections. This website provides access to the medieval manuscripts held by the Philadelphia Area Consortium of Special Collections Libraries, often gloriously illuminated.BiblioPhilly includes  high-resolution images of more than 160,000 pages from more than 400 individual volumes. Master TIFF images, web derivatives and TEI xml manuscript descriptions are available on OPenn.

The Fisher Fine Arts Materials Library hosts thousands of samples ranging from traditional construction materials to emergent and novel samples such as Vanta Black, electronic paint, and seaweed insulation. The aim of the collection is to bring together innovation and creativity in order to advance conceptualization through tactile exploration.

Edgar Fahs Smith (1854-1928) was a professor of chemistry and a provost of the University of Pennsylvania. The Edgar Fahs Smith Memorial Collection is devoted to the history of chemistry, emphasizing periods prior to 1850. Freely available on ArtStor are more than 3,000 prints, engravings, and photographs of eminent scientists, their laboratories, and the apparatus they used.

Penn Libraries holds more than 3,000 manuscripts from South Asia, one of the largest collections of its kind in the Americas. Predominantly Indic in provenance, the manuscripts are chiefly Sanskrit works. Though generally informed by traditional Hindu learning, the collection remains thematically comprehensive and contains significant Buddhist and Jain texts.

A multilingual crowdsourcing project to classify & transcribe 300,000 fragments of pre-modern and medieval Jewish texts that were hidden for centuries in a Cairo attic. Partners in the project are harnessing the power of technology to decipher some of the most difficult to read fragments in the world.

A tool created for manuscript scholars, art historians, incunabulists, and all those interested in the categories and formats of fifteenth century paper, and the impact they had on the sizes of books and works of art. The Needham Calculator derives its name from scholar Paul Needham because it depends upon his classification of categories of fifteenth-century paper.

The Lenkin Family Collection comprises over 5,000 original photographs, primarily of Jerusalem and Palestine taken from 1850 to 1937, which serve as primary source materials for teaching and research across a broad spectrum of disciplines, including the history of photography, architecture, regional planning, religious studies, history, and political science. The collection also includes 813 additional photo-reproductions, a reference library of nearly 100 secondary sources, and an extensive archive of notes and documents.

The BASIRA Project explores interconnections of book history and European art during the Renaissance with an analysis of trends in artists’ portrayals of books. BASIRA is a database of visual images tagged with structured details. The project is useful for studies of art history, material culture, religious history, printing technology, iconography, and history of literacy.

OPenn contains complete sets of high-resolution archival images of cultural heritage material from the collections of its contributing institutions, along with machine-readable descriptive and technical metadata. All materials on OPenn are in the public domain or released under Creative Commons licenses as Free Cultural Works. Please see specific repository pages and documents for applicable license terms.

END is a bibliographic database based on the Collection of British and American Fiction 1660-1830 held by the University of Pennsylvania's Rare Book & Manuscript Library. When completed, the database will include records of more than 3,000 novels and fictional narratives by canonical authors from Daniel Defoe to Jane Austen as well as lesser-known novelists like Mary Brunton and Mary Walker.

The World War I Pamphlet Collection at the University of Pennsylvania consists of just over 400 titles drawn from the general stacks at Van Pelt library. These pamphlets, many of them brittle and no longer fit for circulation, all deal with the First World War, its origins or aftermath. Out of this collection, more than 200 have been digitized and are made available here in Print at Penn. The remaining titles can be accessed digitally through the Hathi Trust. Published in nine languages, the selection of pamphlets includes political tracts, government publications, fund-raising brochures, and periodicals. Many of these items were given to the University of Pennsylvania Library by the Philadelphia attorney and politician James Montgomery Beck (1861-1936) who wrote and spoke often about the conflict. Given their rarity and ephemeral nature, the majority of items available in facsimile here are not available online in any other venue.

[est. 241 vols.]

The photo collection of the Alumnae Association of the Philadelphia General Hospital School of Nursing totals over 1500 images spanning the years 1880 to the 1970s. The collection features not only the School of Nursing, but also the wards and campus of the Philadelphia Almshouse and the Philadelphia General Hospital. The uniqueness of this photo collection lies in its impressive portrayal of life in a tax supported municipal institution as it transitioned from an almshouse to a fully fledged hospital.

Isaac Leeser (1806-1868), a German-Jewish immigrant from Westhphalia, is widely regarded as the most important antebellum Jewish communal leader in the U.S.. The Penn Libraries lead a consortium of institutional libraries and private collectors to produce high-resolution scans, transcriptions, cataloging, and full-text integrated search and discovery of the dispersed corpus of Leeser's letters and publications. The Gershwind-Bennett Leeser digital repository is our first Jesselson-Kaplan American Genizah Project (JKAGP). JKAGP seeks to enhance access to intellectually related yet physically dispersed sources of early American Judaica.

The University of Pennsylvania Libraries is committed to the sharing and reuse of data. In support of its open metadata policy, the University of Pennsylvania Libraries has released the bibliographic records for the items described in its Franklin catalog including books, serials, electronic resources, sound recordings, scores, videos, manuscripts, dissertations and theses, images, and many other materials.

Print at Penn is the online repository for digitized facsimiles of print materials held by Penn's Rare Book & Manuscript Library. Penn holds enormous print resources dating from the fifteenth through the twenty-first centuries, and their digitization is an ongoing project.

Nearing completion is the Print at Penn presentation of the Fairman Rogers Collection. This collection from the personal library of Fairman Rogers (1833-1900), comprises 1,054 rare volumes on horses and horsemanship. Primarily published in the 19th century, with some imprints dating to the 16th century, these materials serve as a foundation for scholarly study of the role of the horse in the technical, scientific, and social evolution of 19th-century European and North American history.

The Provenance Online Project (POP) makes digital images of provenance evidence contained in books—bookplates, inscriptions, labels, bindings, and other physical attributes indicating ownership—openly available alongside bibliographic and descriptive metadata. The project contains a growing collection of over 12,000 provenance marks from collections at Penn and partner institutions from across the country. Currently hosted on a Flickr feed, POP invites a user community of scholars, librarians and members of the general public to contribute information through comments that help identify the ownership marks of the people who turned the pages of history before us.

This catalog, developed by the Open Language Archives Community (OLAC), provides access to a wealth of information about thousands of languages, including details of text collections, audio recordings, dictionaries, and software, sourced from dozens of digital and traditional archives.

The University of Pennsylvania Libraries use virtual exhibitions to disseminate information about our collections and topics of interest to the wider community. Some of these exhibitions are digital versions of physical exhibitions mounted in exhibition spaces in the various libraries, while others are born digital - that is, they have only ever existed virtually. The broad exhibition subject categories presented at the top of the page provide a way of grouping exhibitions by topic.

With the digitizing of the illustrated exhibition catalogs published by Philadelphia's T Square Club in its most consequential years, researchers now will find in the Internet Archive a valuable record of contemporary architectural thought at the beginning of the twentieth century. The annual exhibitions between 1894 and 1922, the period documented by this project, chronicle the development of a cohort of architects responsible for creating much of Philadelphia in the new century. A powerful center of commerce and manufacturing, Philadelphia offered an exceptional field of play for architects: by publication in the T Square Club's annual exhibition catalogs, Philadelphia architects showcased the products of their studios to the nation and the world. Together with presentation of design work, the published catalogs include essays and valuable advertisements, documents of the physical fabric of architectural practice. [est. 24 vols.]

Published by the Friends of the Library, University of Pennsylvania, this journal covers the provenance and history of important collections, news of recent acquisitions and purchases, and articles about the book trade and book history in Philadelphia and around the world.

[est. 45 vols.]

The Penn Libraries' collections of rare Judaica rank among the most important in the world. Among Penn Judaica's most significant components are the remarkably rich holdings of Judaica Americana published before 1900. The provenance of Penn's Judaica Americana stems in large part from two private libraries built in 19th-century America: those of Isaac Leeser, the foremost Jewish publisher and translator in antebellum America and of Joshua I. Cohen, a Baltimore physician who was another extraordinary nineteenth-century collector. Both now form part of the Library at the Herbert D. Katz Center for Advanced Judaic Studies at Penn. The Penn Libraries' Philadelphia and Pennsylvania Judaica Americana imprints are now freely available online to the public as part of Penn's Internet Archive collection. Selections are based, in large part, on Robert Singerman's Judaica Americana: bibliography of publications to 1900. [est. 120 vols.]

First offering the study of German in 1754, the University of Pennsylvania hosts one of oldest German programs in the United States. By the turn of the twentieth century, Penn was considered to have the premier department of German in the nation. At a time when fully one-third of the Pennsylvania population was of German heritage, Penn scholars forged the way for the study of German-Americans, particularly the Germans of Pennsylvania. Among the most notable were Marion Dexter Learned, renowned dialectologist who established the first graduate program in German at Penn, Oswald Seidensticker, the first professor of German Language and Literature at Penn, and Otto Springer, former Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences and Vice-Provost. Other noteworthy Penn faculty and affiliates who researched the history, language and culture of the Pennsylvania Germans included Martin Grove Brumbaugh, Henry Chapman Mercer, Joseph George Rosengarten and Samuel Whitaker Pennypacker.

The Penn Libraries collected a substantial number of materials on the history and language of the German emigrants to Pennsylvania to support the research of these esteemed faculty. Works by each of the scholars named above are represented in Penn's collection digitized by the Lyrasis collaborative with support in part from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. Wherever possible, materials on the Pennsylvania German dialect listed in Otto Springer's 16-page mimeographed bibliography were digitized, as well as the bibliography itself. Of note in the collection is Marion Dexter Learned's 1911 ethnographical survey of Germans in Pennsylvania. Also digitized are the original 25 questions asked in the survey, published in Americana Germanica (vol.1, no.4), a monographic series for which Learned served as editor. The Pennsylvania German Society's publication series, 1891 to 1923, examining and preserving various aspects of the Pennsylvania German dialect and culture, is included as well.

[est. 171 vols.]

The Act of June 21, 1839 gave Philadelphia residents the right to directly elect the mayor. The structure of municipal government in Philadelphia as of1839, with its bicameral representative legislative branch and separately elected executive branch, continued with some variation until the Act of June 25, 1919 created the unicameral City Council that exists today.

Through the Lyrasis Mass Digitization Collaboration, the University of Pennsylvania Libraries are contributing virtually complete runs of the Journal of the Common Council of the City of Philadelphia, 1835-1916, and the Ordinances of the City of Philadelphia, 1850-1920.

The Journal of the Common Council of the City of Philadelphia contains minutes of the proceedings of the Common Council as well as the text of petitions, reports, resolutions, messages and ordinances that were presented to or created by the Council. The Ordinances of the City of Philadelphia contains ordinances passed by the Common and Select Councils. Ordinances include appropriations, directives to begin public works and construction, city planning decisions, and regulations. It was the decisions recorded in municipal documents such as these that helped shape the city during this vital eighty year period.

[est. 209 vols.]

A selection of volumes from the personal library of Fairman Rogers (1833-1900), a Penn alumnus (A.B. 1853, A.M. 1856), co-founder of the School of Veterinary Medicine, Professor of Civil Engineering (1855-1871), and internationally recognized horseman. The materials, primarily published in the 19th century, bring together Rogers' interest in horses and their relationship to engineering, veterinary medicine, science, and history of industrialization, specifically related to agriculture, transportation, hauling, and construction. Comprised of medical guides, stud books, books on shoeing, harnessing, training, riding, driving, racing, keeping a proper stable, and breeds and breeding, the collection serves as a foundation for scholarly study of the role of the horse in the technical, scientific, and social evolution of 19th-century European and North American history. Selections from the collection are available at the Internet Archive and the full collection can be seen at the Print at Penn site.

In January 2010, Penn Libraries announced a gift of $300,000 from the Laurie Landeau Foundation, LLC, to support the digitization of the complete collection. The Foundation's president, Laurie Landeau (V'84, WG'84), is a University Trustee, former Chair and current Member of the Board of Overseers of School of Veterinary Medicine, and a generous and loyal supporter of Penn.

[est. 150 vols.]

Published by the Pennsylvania Society for Promoting Agriculture, The Pennsylvania Farm Journal is "devoted to agriculture, horticulture, and rural economy"

The Plough, the Loom and the Anvil, is "An American farmers' magazine and mechanics' guide."

[est. 17 vols.]

An estimated 1,027 volumes from Penn Libraries' collections have been digitized and made available through the Internet Archive.

This Philadelphia Area Consortium of Special Collections Libraries (PACSCL) site provides access to finding aids for manuscript and archival collections held by its members, a group of 35 libraries and archives, whose collections offer primary resources on national, regional, and local history; the natural and social sciences; world history; literature; religion; art and architecture; business and industry; and the performing arts.

The Schoenberg Database of Manuscripts (SDBM) makes available data on medieval manuscript books of five or more folios produced before 1600. Drawn from over 12,000 auction and sales catalogues, inventories, catalogues from institutional and private collections, and other sources that document sales and locations of manuscript books, the SDBM assists in locating and identifying particular manuscripts, establishing provenance, and aggregating descriptive information about specific classes or types of manuscripts.

The Furness Theatrical Image Collection comprises more than 2,000 prints and photographs that illustrate and interpret Shakespeare's plays and also document theatrical performers and performances of works by Shakespeare and other dramatists. The majority date from the nineteenth century, but the collection also holds earlier and later images.

The University Archives Digital Image Collection offers an expanding database of over 5,700 digital images of items found in the collections of the University Archives & Records Center. Delivered by the Penn Libraries, the database contains digital photographs and scans of items relating to the history of the University of Pennsylvania, prominent persons associated with the University and the history of the Philadelphia community in which the University resides. This sampling of items found in the collections of the University Archives includes not just photographs, but also decorative objects and memorabilia, drawings, graphics, prints, maps, manuscripts and printed text.

Researchers will find in the Internet Archive a fascinating array of expert studies of historic structures (including many in the Philadelphia region), cultural landscapes, building materials, and theories of preservation in the digitized theses written by students in Penn Design's Historic Preservation program from 1987 to 2003. At a time when society increasingly realizes the historical and cultural value of the inherited environment and what has been lost through the destruction of buildings, landscapes, and communities, the field of historic preservation has become central to the design, adaptive use, planning, and management of buildings, cities, and regions. Historic Preservation theses from 2004 to present are available in the ScholarlyCommons. [est. 309 vols.]

Penn in Hand offers bibliographic information and digital facsimiles for selected collections of manuscript codices, texts, documents, papers, and leaves held by Penn's Rare Book & Manuscript Library as well as those privately owned by Lawrence J. Schoenberg (C53, WG56). Penn holds over 2,000 Western manuscripts produced before the 19th century; medieval and Renaissance manuscripts comprise approximately 900 items, the earliest dating from 1000 A.D. Its holdings of Indic manuscripts is the largest in the Western hemisphere with more than 3,000 items. The Lawrence J. Schoenberg Collection emphasizes secular topics, especially science and mathematics, and includes tablets from the 21st to the 18th centuries B.C.

The Mary Binney Wheeler collection of photographic slides is one of the largest individual collections of its kind in the United States. Amassed over the course of fourteen trips to India and Sri Lanka, the collection provides over 9,000 images of an astounding diversity of people, places, and events from nearly every corner of the Indian Subcontinent. Her lectures can be found on YouTube (Kalinga, Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh | Palace Living, Sri Lanka, Valley of the Sky)

The Fine Arts Library Image Collection offers an ever-expanding database of digital images as well as records documenting the majority of the slides housed in the Fisher Fine Arts Library. The database includes drawing, painting, sculpture, prints, photography, manuscripts, maps, ceramics, furniture, architecture, landscape architecture, city and regional planning, historic preservation, contemporary art and more. (PennKey required.)

The Harrisburg Car Co., renamed the Harrisburg Car Works and then the Harrisburg Car Manufacturing Co., was established in 1853. The firm made passenger, mail, baggage, box, cattle, platform, coal, and hand cars. Financial difficulties of the 1880s left the company with little in assets; it was soon in bankruptcy court, never to emerge. The collection contains 45 photographs of train cars, products of the company.

Philadelphia Neighborhoods: Histories, Plans and Futures is a web presentation of the full content of 86 neighborhood planning surveys prepared and published by the Philadelphia City Planning Commission between 1946 and 1990. These reports contain descriptions of current conditions of housing stock; population trends; property turnover; public transportation; community activity. Recommendations are made for future action.

The Cambridge University/University of Pennsylvania collaboration was the first of two projects that have virtually reunited dispersed fragments from the Cairo Genizah. The project is extended and succeeded byn the Scribes of the Cairo Geniza project.

A genizah is a storeroom or repository for old, used and damaged books, Torah scrolls, and other documents containing the name of God, whose destruction Jewish tradition proscribes. Documents from the Cairo Genizah date from the 9th through through the 15th centuries. Written in Hebrew, Aramaic, Arabic, and Judeo-Arabic, they catalogue the social, cultural, and religious lives of Jews around the Mediterranean basin.

ScholarlyCommons is the University of Pennsylvania's institutional repository for gathering, indexing, storing, and making widely available the scholarly output of the Penn community.

The English Renaissance in Context (ERIC) site relies on technology that is no longer maintained. The project was funded by the NEH-funded (2002) to provide scholars and students with access to major texts of the English Renaissance in their original versions. ERIC comprises two units: a set of tutorials on some of Shakespeare's plays and on the making and selling of books during the Early Modern period; and a database of scanned texts from Penn's Furness Shakespeare Library. When used in combination, these two units provide students with a rich introduction to English Renaissance literature in its historical and artifactual context.

This site, which is no longer maintained, exposes content in the collection of Horace Howard Furness, now held by the Kislak Center.

The H. H. Furness Memorial Library is devoted to the study of Shakespeare and other Tudor and Stuart dramatists. It includes most writings in English - as well as writings in many other languages - about Shakespeare and virtually all English-language editions of his plays and poems, including the first four folios, some early quartos, and other editions up to the present time. Translations of Shakespeare into many world languages are a special focus of the collection. Promptbooks, biographies, photographs, letters, scrapbooks (with reviews and news reports about Shakespearean performances and performers), and playbills offer rich resources for early stage history. In addition, the Library gathers primary and secondary information about the history of the Renaissance, especially in England but also on the Continent, and Shakespeare's predecessors, contemporaries, and successors among English Renaissance literary writers, particularly dramatists. It also contains more than 2,000 microfilm dissertations on Shakespeare and English drama from the middle ages through the Restoration.

This site relies on technologies no longer supported by the Libraries. Images from the Smith collection are freely available on ArtStor.

Edgar Fahs Smith (1854-1928) was a professor of chemistry and a provost of the University of Pennsylvania. The Edgar Fahs Smith Memorial Collection is devoted to the history of chemistry, emphasizing periods prior to 1850, and includes monographic works on chemistry, alchemy and related fields. In addition, there are more than 3,000 prints, engravings, and photographs of eminent scientists, their laboratories, and the apparatus they used which have been digitized and mounted on the library web.

The collection of nearly 1300 photographs documents the lives of Alma Mahler, widow of Gustave Mahler; her husband, the writer Franz Werfel; and their families, friends, and associates.

This musical research library, international and multi-lingual in scope, is a collection of approximately 5,300 Judaic sound recordings, in various formats. The majority of these recordings have been catalogued in an easily searchable internet database displaying song titles, authors, composers, performers, first lines and other related information.

Listing over 3 million books freely available on the web, Online Books is the oldest index of its kind. The site is both an open access service and a testbed for innovative ways of exploring free books and serials, including multi-dimensional subject browsing, work and edition clustering, detailed serial copyright information, and interconnections with other library collections, Wikipedia, Wikidata, and other linked data resources.

In 1965 W. A. Swanberg published a biography of Theodore Dreiser. Swanberg's collection comprises his correspondence related to the book and his research notes, including photographic prints that he had compiled.

Parts of this site are on old technology or have been superseded. Kislak curators are investigating a new platform for hosting these resources.

Theodore Dreiser (1871-1945) was a novelist, story writer, autobiographer, essayist, political writer, travel writer, playwright, poet, journalist, editor and diarist. The Dreiser Web Source provides access to correspondence, manuscripts, notes, and photographs related to Dreiser's personal life and his careers as journalist, novelist, essayist, and political activist. In addition to these resources from the Libraries' collection, the site includes scholarly essays and it links Theodore Dreiser: A Primary Bibliography & Reference Guide.

Within the American Poetry Review Records held by Penn are photographs of the writers whose work has been published in the bi-monthly periodical. American Poetry Review was founded by poets Stephen Berg and Stephen Parker in Philadelphia in 1972.

The collection holds more than 4,000 images of Marian Anderson and her milieu, including photographs taken at Marianna Farm, photographic scrapbooks, oversize photographs, and photographs of friends, colleagues, and admirers of the renowned singer and Philadelphia native.

The collection consists of 573 items, mostly black-and-white photographs--and a few drawings and engravings--of 111 actors, actresses, and other performing artists posed by professional photographers working predominantly in New York, London, and Paris.

The collection of Cibachrome prints, ranging in size from 6 X 6.5 inches to 11 X 14 inches, depicts over 100 musical and dance artists in rehearsal either at the Mann Music Center or the Academy of Music, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, or at the Saratoga Performing Arts Center, Saratoga Springs, New York.

Eugene Ormandy served as the conductor/musical director of the Minneapolis Symphony Orchestra from 1931 to 1936 and the Philadelphia Orchestra from 1937 to 1980.This collection of photographs documents the career and life of Eugene Ormandy from the early 1880s to the early 1990s, with the bulk of the photographs dating from the 1940s to the 1970s.