Theodor Reik (1888-1969), today largely a forgotten figure, worked closely with Freud in early twentieth-century Vienna and made key contributions to the development of psychoanalysis in Europe and the US, helping establish the role of lay analysis and introducing literary and anthropological perspectives. After serving in World War I, Reik published the first part of his Probleme der Religionspsychologie [Problems in the Psychology of Religion] in 1919. With this text he pioneered the psychoanalytic study of religion, turning his Freudian lens onto such topics as the Kol Nidre prayer and the significance of the Shofar in Jewish ritual. Several years later Erich Fromm and Frieda Fromm-Reichmann followed up Reik's studies with their investigations of the psychoanalysis of Shabbat and kashrut (1927) and Freud himself—who wrote an introduction to Reik's 1919 work—completed his monumental study of Moses in 1938, just months before his death. Reik's investigations drew on his Jewish learning and his literary background—note the Moliere quote on the frontispiece—and his works stand out for their breadth and erudition.